Software development methodologies are structured approaches and frameworks used in the process of creating software applications. These methodologies provide guidelines, practices, and processes to manage the entire software development lifecycle. Here are some of the popular methodologies:

1. Waterfall Model: This is a linear and sequential approach where each phase of the software development cycle (requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, maintenance) is completed before moving to the next phase. It’s less flexible but offers clarity in each stage’s objectives.
2. Agile Model: Agile methodologies, including Scrum, Kanban, and XP (Extreme Programming), focus on iterative and incremental development. They emphasize flexibility, collaboration, customer feedback, and the ability to adapt to changing requirements. Development occurs in short cycles or sprints.
3. Scrum: A subset of Agile, Scrum is a framework for managing and controlling iterative and incremental software development. It divides work into time-boxed iterations called sprints, with a defined set of tasks completed within each sprint.
4. Kanban: Another Agile method, Kanban, visualizes the workflow on a board, allowing teams to see work progress and identify bottlenecks. It emphasizes continuous delivery and encourages small, incremental changes to processes.
5. Extreme Programming (XP): XP is an Agile methodology that emphasizes engineering practices like pair programming, continuous integration, and test-driven development.
6. Lean Development: Inspired by Lean manufacturing principles, Lean software development focuses on delivering value to customers by minimizing waste, optimizing efficiency, and continuously improving processes.
7. DevOps: While not a traditional software development methodology, DevOps is a cultural and technical approach. that integrates development and operations teams to improve collaboration, automate processes, and ensure faster and more reliable software delivery.
8. Rapid Application Development (RAD): RAD emphasizes rapid prototyping and quick feedback cycles. It focuses on user feedback and iterative development to deliver software more quickly.
9. Spiral Model: This model combines the iterative nature of Agile methodologies with the systematic aspects of the waterfall model. It involves repeated cycles called “spirals,” allowing for risk analysis and adapting to changes during the development process.
10. Feature-Driven Development (FDD): FDD is an iterative and incremental software development methodology that focuses on building features in a short time frame. It’s suitable for larger teams and complex projects.

Each methodology has its strengths and weaknesses, and the choice often depends on project requirements, team structure, and the organization’s culture. Many teams also combine elements from different methodologies to create a hybrid approach that suits their needs.